What is .NET Framework?

The .NET Framework, part of the .NET Platform, is a large ecosystem created by Microsoft designed initially to run enterprise-scale applications on Windows-based platforms. The .NET Framework provides a programming model, a large class library, and tools for building, deploying, and running apps for platforms including Linux, macOS, Windows, iOS and Android.

A version of the .NET Framework, called .NET Core, has run on Mac and Linux Platforms since June 2016. In this article, we will look at .NET Framework components and what they do. 

Why is .NET Framework Important?

The .NET Framework is a crucial software development platform for developing and running Windows-based applications. The framework supports multiple programming languages and allows developers to write code that can run on different hardware architectures and platforms including desktop computers, servers, and mobile devices. The framework includes a large class library, making it easier for developers to write code in their preferred language.

The .NET Framework was first released by Microsoft in 2002 and has undergone several updates and improvements since then, with the latest version being .NET 6, which was released in 2021. The popularity of the .NET Framework can be attributed to its ability to simplify development processes, increase productivity, and provide a reliable and secure environment for running applications.

.NET vs .NET Framework

.NET is an open-source platform that includes multiple programming languages, libraries, and tools for building applications. .NET Framework is a specific implementation of that platform that provides the runtime and APIs for running .NET applications on Windows. 

In summary, .NET is the development platform, while the .NET Framework is designed to support applications built with .NET.

What is .NET Framework used for?

• Pre-built code. The .NET framework provides a large library of pre-built code that developers can use to create applications that run on Windows.
• Build applications. It can be used to build a wide variety of applications, including desktop applications, web applications, mobile applications, games, and more. It also supports a range of technologies and standards, such as ASP.NET for web development, Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) for desktop application development, and the Entity Framework for data access.
• Accelerate the development process. It provides a rich set of tools and resources that developers can leverage to build robust, high-quality applications for Windows.

What does .NET Framework do?

.NET Framework provides libraries, developer tools, languages and more to build websites and web services. The services that the .NET Framework provides to running applications include the following:

• Language interoperability

The .NET Framework allows developers to choose from a number of compatible programming languages when coding their applications. Applications can even be built using a mixture of components built in different languages. 

Object-oriented languages such as C# and VB.NET are the most popularly used, but the functional language F# is gaining ground. You can even write your own language so long as it conforms to the .NET requirements. 

Fujitsu wrote NETCOBOL to allow its vast number of COBOL developers to use the .NET framework for its projects without the devs having to learn a new language syntax.  

C# is almost identical to Java in its syntax and structure. This was deliberate in an attempt to lure Java programmers over to the .NET platform when it first came out. This was also at a time of the programming language tech wars during the late ’90s. This thinking has become redundant with the spread of APIs where the language an app is written matters less and less. The primary concern now is how the data in an app is represented and communicated.

• A common type system 

That variable types are the same no matter what .NET language you decide to code in.

• An extensive class library

Instead of writing vast amounts of code to handle common low-level programming operations, programmers can use a readily accessible library of types and their members from the .NET Framework Class Library.

• Development frameworks and technologies 

The .NET Framework includes libraries for specific areas of application development, such as ASP.NET for web applications, ADO.NET for data access, and Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) for service-oriented applications or APIs. And WinForms or windows presentation foundation for building desktop applications.

• Version compatibility 

With rare exceptions, applications that are developed by using a particular version of the .NET Framework can run without modification on a later version.

• Side-by-side execution

The .NET Framework helps resolve version conflicts by allowing multiple versions of the common language runtime to exist on the same computer. This means that multiple versions of applications can also coexist and that an application can run on the version of the .NET Framework with which it was built.

.NET Framework Components

The .NET Framework is made up of two major components: 

• Common Language Runtime (CLR)
  CLR is the execution engine that handles running applications;  
• .NET Framework Class Library
  This provides a library of tested, reusable code that developers can call from their own applications. 

Unlike Django, which is designed to run Web applications, only the .NET framework allows us to build web apps, API’s, desktop applications, database applications and much more.

.NET Framework benefits

Like with most frameworks, there are many benefits from using the .NET Framework. Pros include;

• Extensive Libraries
  As mentioned above, the extensive libraries with this framework can save time for developers.
  
• Common Type System
  This is a time-saver, meaning that this framework works with all languages, so the developer can use it regardless of what language they use for coding.
  
• Memory Management
  Because of the Common Language Runtime (CLR), developers don’t need to worry about releasing memory. The CLR takes care of this for the application.
  
• Compatibility
  Applications generally do not need to be modified if a newer version of .NET Framework is released.
  
• All-encompassing
  Its ecosystem is all-encompassing. Whether it’s phone development, API integration tools, pure database development, desktop, web development, or game development, there are huge libraries of pre-built components.
  
• Integration with Windows
  The .NET framework offers tight integration with the Windows platform and Microsoft Desktop products. 

Cons of the .NET Framework

Some of the cons of using .NET Framework includes;

• Expense
  Some of the tools and stack elements can be extremely expensive.
  
• Learning curve
  For beginners, getting to grips with how to work the .NET Framework can be a challenge.

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